Java

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  Java is a high-level, object-oriented, and platform-independent programming language.

  
  


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  Developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (now owned by Oracle) in 1995.

  
  


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  It follows the "Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA) principle due to its use of JVM (Java Virtual Machine).

  
  

2. Key Features

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  Platform Independent → Runs on any OS with JVM.

  
  


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  Object-Oriented → Supports concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

  
  


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  Robust & Secure → Strong memory management, exception handling, and security features.

  
  


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  Multi-threading → Supports concurrent programming.

  
  


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  Automatic Memory Management → Uses Garbage Collection to free unused memory.

  
  

3. Java Architecture

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  Java Development Kit (JDK) → Contains compiler, libraries, and tools for development.

  
  


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  Java Runtime Environment (JRE) → Provides runtime environment for Java applications.

  
  


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  Java Virtual Machine (JVM) → Converts Java bytecode into machine-specific code.

  
  

4. Important Java Concepts

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  OOP Concepts → Class, Object, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction, Encapsulation.

  
  


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  Exception Handling → try-catch, finally, throws, throw.

  
  


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  Collections Framework → ArrayList, HashMap, LinkedList, HashSet, etc.

  
  


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  Multithreading → Using Thread class or Runnable interface.

  
  


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  File Handling → Using FileReader, BufferedReader, FileWriter, etc.

  
  

5. Common Java Applications

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  Web Development → Spring Boot, Java EE.

  
  


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  Android Development → Java was the primary language for Android apps before Kotlin.

  
  


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  Enterprise Applications → Banking, CRM, and ERP solutions.

  
  


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  Game Development → Used in game engines like LibGDX.